Brice's Day massacre ordered by Æthelred the Unready. In 1002, many Danes were killed in Oxford during the St. In the 10th century, Oxford became an important military frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was raided by Danes. Most archeological evidence generally points to the south-west of Oxford where there are low elevations and branching streams that offer shallow crossings.
There is still speculation about the precise location of the ford that gave Oxford its name, though any approach to Oxford involved the use of several fords, and thus there were likely multiple fords in use throughout the history of the crossing. Oxford thus became a heavily trafficked crossing point and the early Anglo-Saxon settlement developed around the location. At Oxford, the Thames splits into many channels, offering a relatively shallow and hence crossable location for people, goods and animals. Around 900, an important north-south route for cattle connecting the south of England to the Midlands needed to cross the River Thames. The name is a portmanteau of "oxen's ford", which literally meant oxen's shallow river crossing. Oxford was first settled by the Anglo-Saxons and was initially known in Old English as Oxnaford and in Old Norse as Öxnafurða.
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